The Glands Regulating Personality - Louis Berman, M.D.
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Upon the basis of these structural, functional and mental differences,
the qualitative and quantitative evolution of which in the race as in
the individual is guided by the glands of internal secretion, Keith
presents a very good case for the view that the white man is an
example of relative excess of the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and
gonad endocrines. "The sharp and pronounced nasalization of the
face, the tendency to strong eyebrow ridges, the prominent chin, the
tendency to bulk of body, and height of stature in the majority of
Europeans" are the signs of pituitary dominance. Keith is also of the
opinion that "the sexual differentiation, the robust manifestations of
the male characters, is more emphatic in the Caucasian than in
either the Mongol or Negro racial types ... in certain negro types,
especially in Nilotic tribes, with their long stork-like legs, we seem
to have a manifestation of abeyance in the action of the interstitial
glands." As for the adrenal superiority of the white man, "it is 150
years since John Hunter came to the conclusion ... that the original
color of man's skin was black, and all the knowledge that we have
gathered since his supports the inference he drew. From the fact that
pigment begins to collect and thus darken the skin when the adrenal
bodies become the seat of a destructive disease we infer that they
have to do with the clearing away of pigment, and that we Europeans
owe the fairness of our skins to some particular virtue resident in
the adrenal bodies." Finally, as regards the thyroid, a comparison of
the face of a cretin with that of the Negro or Mongol tells the story.
A certain variety of idiocy, Mongolian idiocy, in which the face
simulates cretinism so closely as to deceive practised clinical
observers, is characterized by a Chinese cast of the features and
eyes, hence the name. And in the Bushman of South Africa, the cretin's
face is even more startlingly recalled.
There is every reason then for believing that the white man possesses
more of pituitary, adrenal, gonad, and thyroid internal secretions as
compared with the yellow man or black man. And since these endocrines
control not only physique and physiognomy, anatomic and functional
minutiae, but also mind and behaviour, we are justified in putting
down the white man's predominance on the planet to a greater
all-around concentration in his blood of the omnipotent hormones.
While the Negro is relatively subadrenal, the Mongol is relatively
subthyroid. Their relative deficiency in internal secretions
constitutes the essence of the White Man's Burden.
MAN'S ATTITUDE TOWARD HIMSELF
A last, but by no means least, application we may consider of the
developing knowledge of the internal secretions in relation to human
evolution is its effect upon Man's attitude toward himself and so
toward his fellow men. Whatever else he is, man is a land animal with
ideas. That makes him a thought-adventurer among materials. In a word,
he is the last word of mind working upon matter. But persistently he
has refused to recognize himself as matter and as subject to the laws,
to the physics and chemistry of matter.
History consists of the protocols that record the high lights of the
interactions of materials and ideas which is the adventure of man in
time and space. Materials and ideas have reacted, the record shows;
materials come upon have begotten strange fantasies. Ideas that
flashed from nowhere into a consciousness have transformed utterly the
face of the earth. The herd-brute, agglutinated with his fellows by a
magnetism beyond his ken, could be infected with thought, and so cast
in the heroic mould. The possibility of communion,--that possibility
of possibilities, for without it none other could be possible--has
rendered man the heir of a divine destiny. For the progressive
education of the race, a single discoverer here, an inventor there,
and thinkers everywhere have been inspired. In due time their
inspiration becomes the possession of even the lowest brain but
capable of grasping it.
Man's attitude toward himself, his self-consciousness, and his
attitude toward his fellow creatures has grown and varied and
evolved with his education about himself. According to the theory he
formulated concerning his being, his why and wherefore, he directed
and governed, punished and mutilated himself and them. But the
pressure of his curiosity, and the inexorable quality of the truth
would not let him stand still. The poetic genius within him, as Blake
called it, struggled on from one dogma concerning his nature to
another. Behaviour malignant or beneficent, horrible in its tragedy
and pitiable in its comedy, flowed inevitably on. Witchcraft trials
and the tortures of the Spanish Inquisition belong among the more
mentionable consequences of some of man's theories about his own
nature and its requirements.
Heretofore the imaginative spirit has had its day in the matter. And,
curiously enough, an obsession to subjugate the natural has made it
exalt the supernatural. Visions, dreams, portents, revelations, all
symptomatic of an order of things above nature, are the stuff of what
more than ninety-nine per cent of the millions of the race believe
about themselves and their fate. Man's cruelty to man, through the
ages, is a comment upon how vast and ramifying may be the consequences
of a delusion.
But now for a couple of centuries the critical spirit, which is the
spirit of science, has been invading the affairs of men. Humble but
persistent corrosive of delusion, it has infiltrated the furthest
bounds of ignorance and superstition. It has not dared to assert the
supremacy of its fundamental views upon the everyday problems of human
life because it was without concrete means of vindicating its claims.
That lack is now supplied by the growing understanding of the chemical
factors as the controllers and dictators of all the legion aspects of
life.
The profoundest achievement of the physiologist will be the change his
teachings and discoveries will bring about in man's attitude toward
himself. When he comes to realize himself as a chemical machine that
can, within limits, be remodeled, overhauled and repaired, as an
automobile can be, within limits, when he becomes saturated with the
significance of his endocrine-vegetative system at every turn and move
of his life, and when sympathy and pity informed by knowledge and
understanding will come to regulate his relationships with the lowest
and most despised of the men, women and children about him, the era of
the first real civilization will properly be said to be born.
Morality, as society's code of conduct for its members, will have
to change in the direction of a greater flexibility with the
establishment of organic differences in human types. There is nothing
that is more emphasized to the pathologist than that one man's meat is
another man's poison. In the family, as nature's laboratory for
the manufacture of fresh combinations of the internal secretions,
allowances will be made for divergences in capacity and deportment
from a new angle altogether. Schools will function as the developers,
stimulators and inhibitors of the endocrines, as well as investigators
of the individuals who have not enough or too much of one or some of
them. Prisons will have the same function, only they will be named
detention hospitals. The raising of the general level of intelligence
by the judicious use of endocrine extracts will mean a good deal to
the sincere statesman. The average duration of life will be prolonged
for an enormous mass of the population. If the prevention of war
depends upon the burning into the imagination of the electorates
what the consequences of war are, a high intelligence quotient and
revaluation of life will count for a good deal.
Man is the animal that wants Utopia. So long as human nature was
looked upon as fixed constant in the ebb and flow of life, a Utopia of
fine minds could be conceived only by the dreamer and poet. The desire
for such a Utopia could only be regarded as a tragic aspiration for an
impossibility. The physiology of the internal secretions teaches that
human nature does change and can be changed. A relative control of its
properties is already in view. The absolute control will come.
Nor need anyone fear that the science of the internal secretions in
its maturity will signify the abolition of the marvelous differences
between human beings that create the unique personalities of history.
A derangement of the endocrines has been responsible for masterpieces
of the human species in the past and will be responsible for them in
the future. The equality of Utopia can be the equality of the highest
and fullest development possible for each of its inhabitants. The
applications of endocrine control will not necessarily interfere
with the life of the individual. There will be breeding of the best
mixtures of glands of internal secretion possible. And there will
be treatment for those born with a handicap, or who have become
handicapped in the life struggle. There will be a stimulation of
capacity to the limit. But beyond that, compulsory equalization is a
theorist's bogey.
The internal secretions are the most hopeful and promising of the
reagents for control yet come upon by the human mind. They open up
limitless prospects for the improvement of the race. A few hundreds of
investigators are engaged upon their study throughout the world. That
is one of the ironies of our contemporary civilization. A concerted
effort at the task of understanding them, backed by the labors of tens
of thousands of workers, would, without a doubt, accomplish as much
for humanity as the vast armies and navies that consume the substance
of mankind. If we could not obtain Utopia then, we might, at least by
abolishing the subnormals and abnormals who constitute the slaves and
careerists of society, render the human race less contemptible and
more divine.
INDEX
Ability, natural
Acquired characters, inheritance of
Acromegaly
Addison
Addison's disease
Adolescence, period of
Adrenal glands
and anger
and courage
and emergencies
and emotions
and fatigue
and fear
and neuroses
and pseudo-hermaphroditism
and puberty
blood pressure and
brain cells and
chromaffin cells of
cortex of
excess of secretion
failure of secretion
function of
glands of combat and fight
hair and
influence of in hermaphroditism
insufficiency of secretion
medulla of
pigment cells and
relation to pineal gland
relation to pituitary
secretion of
sexuality and
skin and
Adrenal-centered type
Adrenal face
Adrenal personalities, or types
compensated
insufficient
in pregnancy
of brain work
of girl
of hair
of skin
of teeth
Adrenal personalities, or types of women
reactions to modernism in
Adrenalin
Alcoholism and endocrine types
Analysis, endocrine
Anger
and adrenals
Antagonisms
Anti-Fate
Antitoxic function of thyroid gland
Ape-parvenu, the
Applications of endocrinology
Autonomic system
Backgrounds of personality
Baldness and the thyroid
Baumann
Bayliss
Beard
Beard's neurasthenia
von Bechterew
Behavior
Bell, Blair
Bernard, Claude
Berthold
Black races, endocrine control in
Blood pressure, and adrenals
Body, influence of glands upon
Body-mind complex
Bones
long, development of
Bordeau
Bossi
Brain cells and adrenals
Brain, growth of
Brainwork, adrenal type of
Breakdown, nervous
Breeding, bearing of endocrine glands on
Brown-Sequard
Caesar, Julius, an epileptic
pituitary in
Capacity
Careerist
as abnormals
feminine
instincts of
masculine
super-
Carlson
Castration
effects of
effects of, on thymus
Character
Charcot
Charging of wishes, endocrine
Check and drive system
Chemistry of the soul
Child--bearing, transfigurations of
Childhood, epoch of the pineal
Chromaffin cells of adrenals
Chromosomes
Climacteric
Color, endocrine control of, in races
Combat, adrenals and
Combinations of types of personality
Conduct
Constitutions, endocrine
Cooperation
Corpus luteum
and mammary glands
Courage and the adrenals
Cretinism
a thyroid deficiency
effect of feeding thyroid in
Cretinoid type
Cretin
Crime, treatment of
Criminals and endocrine types
Critical ages
Curling
Cushing, Harvey
Dangerous age, the
Darwin, Charles
as a neurasthenic genius
his "Descent of Man"
his theory of Pangenesis
Davenport
Deficiency, mental
Development
Diabetes, and the pancreas
Diet, effect of on the endocrine glands
Directorate, endocrine glands as a
Diseases and endocrine types
Division of labor
Drug addiction and endocrine types
Dwarfs
Education, of vegetative-system
vocational
Egomania
Elixir of life
Emergencies, adrenals glands of
Emotions, adrenals glands of
Endocrine
analysis
charging of wishes
constitutions
control in color of races
corporation
deficiency in old age
epochs of life
glands
and feeblemindedness
and insanity
as an interlocking directorate
bases of variation
bearing on breeding
discovery of
effect of diet on
influence upon body
influence upon mind
inferiority
neurosis
personality
sex traits
types
alcoholism and
criminals and
diseases and
drug addiction and
narcotism and
Endocrines, evolution of
Endocrinology, applications of
possibilities of
Energy
and thyroid
Enthusiasm and thyroid
Environment, influence of
Epilepsy, in genius
Epochs of life, endocrine
Eugenics, negative
positive
promises of
Eunuchoid face
personality
Eunuchoidism
Eunuchs
Evolution, human, effect of internal secretions upon
Exhibitionism
Expressionism
Eyes
Face, adrenal
eunuchoid
hyperpituitary
hyperthyroid
Facial types
Family, and mixed sex
Fat, distribution of
Fat people
Fate and Anti-Fate
Fatigue and industry
as an endocrine deficiency
relation of adrenals to
relation of thymus to
Fear
mechanism of
relation of adrenals to
Feeblemindedness and the endocrine glands
Feminine pituitary type
Feminine precocity
Feminoid complex
constitution and personality
Fertilization
Fight, relation of adrenals to
Fingers, pituitary and
thyroid and
Forgetting
Freedom
Freud
Freudianism
Freudians
Friedleben
Galli
Galton
Genius, epilepsy in
migraine in
neurasthenic
treatment of
Giants
Girl, endocrine types of
Glands, definition of
endocrine, as an interlocking directorate
discovery of
influence on body
influence on mind
Goitre, relation of iodine to
Gonads
and libido
and sexuality
and thymus
Gonads and thyroid
function
secretion
Gonad-centric personalities
homosexuality and
Growth
relation of thymus to
Guilford
Gull
Hair
and adrenals
and pineal
and thymus
and thyroid
Hands, and pituitary
and thyroid
Henle
Hermaphrodite
Hermaphroditism
functional
influence of adrenals in
influence of pituitary in
Hibernation
and the pituitary
Historic personages
Darwin, Charles
Julius Caesar
Napoleon
Nietzsche
Nightingale, Florence
Wilde, Oscar
History, internal secretions in
von Hochwart
Homosexuality, and gonad-centric type
and thymus type
Hormones
harmony of the
Horsley
Howitz
Human nature
attitudes towards
case against
science and
Hunger
Hunter, John
Hygiene of the internal secretions
Hyperpituitary face
skin
Hyperpituitrism,
Hyperthyroid face
skin
type
of girl
pregnancy in
premenstrual molimina in
Hyperthyroidism
Hysteria
Imagination, an endocrine gift
Improvement of racial stock
Industry, and fatigue
relation of endocrines to
Infancy, epoch of the thymus
Infantilism
Infantiloid constitution or personality
Inferiority, breeding of
Inheritance of acquired characters
Insanity, and the endocrine glands
Instinct
Instincts, pituitary
thyroid
Insuline
Intellectuality, and the pituitary
Internal secretions, determinants of vegetative pressures
effect of, upon human evolution
hygiene of
in history
Interstitial glands, see Gonads
type of teeth
Iodine, in thyroxin
relation of to goitre
Janet
Judgment
Julius Caesar, an epileptic
pituitary in
Keith
Kendall
Kinetic chain
drive
system
Kocher
Laennec
Lanugo
Larey
Libido and gonads
sex
Life, well-springs of
Lime salts, and sex
Lincoln, Abraham
Lutein
MacDougallians
Malthusian law of slavery
Mammary glands
corpus luteum and
placenta and
Man, a transient
attitude of towards himself
a product of glands of internal secretion
critical age in
secondary sex characteristics of
Manic depressive psychoses
Mankind, races of
Marie, Pierre
Masculine, the secret of the
Masculine and feminine, mechanics of, and see Sex
Masculine pituitary type
Masculinoid women
Masochism
Maternal instinct
different from sex instinct
relation of the pituitary to
Matings, desirable and undesirable
Megalomania
Memory
Mendelism
Menopause
Menstruation
and ovaries
cycle of
Mental deficiency
Migraine in genius
Mind, influence of glands on
oldest part of
Mitchell, Weir
Mixed sex and the family
Mixed types
Moebius
Modernism, reactions to in adrenal types
Moods, and the organic outlook
Moral irresponsibility and thymus type
Mujerados
Mueller, Johann,
Murray
Muscles
Mutations, control of
Myxedema
operative
Napoleon, case of
Narcotism, and endocrine types
Nature's experiments _vs_. Man's
"Nerves"
Nervous breakdowns
Neurasthenia
Neurosis
adrenals and
endocrine
war
Nietzsche, case of
Nightingale, Florence, legend of
Normal, what is
Obesity
Operative myxedema
Ord, William
Ovaries, internal secretion of
relation of to menstruation
removal of, effect of
role of
Oversecretion
Pancreas
diabetes and
function of
removal of
secretion of
Pangenesis, Darwin's theory of
Parathyroids
function of
secretion of
Paulesco
Pawlov
Permutations, of types of personality,
Perry, Caleb
Personality, background of
combinations of types of
determined by the endocrines
endocrine
eunuchoid
types of
adrenal
combinations of
gonad-centric
nature's experiments _vs_. man's
permutations of
pituitary of
Philosophers, prejudices of
Physics of the wish
Physiologists, attitude of
role of
Pigment cells and the adrenals
in skin of various races
Pineal gland
and hair
and childhood
feeding of to children
function of
muscle function of
Pineal gland, obesity and
puberty and
relation of to adrenals
to progressive muscular atrophy
secretion of
type of muscles
Pituitary gland
action of
and fingers
and toes
compared with thyroid
diminished action of
extirpation of
function of
in Julius Caesar
in Oscar Wilde
instincts
overaction of
personalities
regulator of organic rhythms
relation to adrenals
to growth
to hair
to hermaphroditism
to hibernation
to imagination
to intellectuality
to judgment
to maternal instincts
to memory
to puberty
to rejuvenation
to sex difficulties
to sexual glands
to stature
to thymus
secretion of
secretion, characteristics of inferior
characteristics of sufficient
type
feminine
masculine
of eyes
of hands
of muscles
pregnancy in
premenstrual molimina in
Pituitary-centered type
Pituitocentrics, Caesar
Darwin
Napoleon
Nietzsche
Nightingale
Pituitrin
function of
Placenta
and mammary glands
Placental gland
Plater, Felix
Plummer
Poise
Popielski
Possibilities of endocrinology
Postpituitary type of girl
Precocity, feminine
male
Pregnancy, in various endocrine types
Premenstrual molimina, in various endocrine types
Progressive muscular dystrophy and the pineal gland
Prostate
Pseudo-hermaphroditism and the adrenals
Psychanalyst, as a therapeutist
Psychology, new
Psychopathology of every day life
Puberty
glands, see Gonads
in female
significance of
Public health, prospects of
Pure types
Puericulture, science of
Races of mankind
Reactions to modernism in adrenal types
Rejuvenation, possibilities of
Religion of science
Repression
Resilience of skin
Restelli
Reverdin, J.L.
Rhythms of sex
Robertson
Sadism
Schiff, Moritz
Science, and human nature
origin of
religion of
Secondary sex traits
Secretin
Secretion
Sella turcica
Semon, Sir Felix
Senility, epoch of endocrine deficiency
interpretation of
Sensitivity
Sex
and lime salts
attitudes towards questions of
cause of
chemistry of
characteristics, secondary
conflict
crises
difficulties, pituitary and
glands, see Gonads
and hair
and puberty
and muscles
centered
chain
index
instinct
different from maternal instinct
libido
life, determining factors of
mixed, and the family
rhythms of
traits, or characteristics
endocrine
origin of
primary
secondary
Sexual cravings
glands, see Gonads, and Sex glands
and pituitary gland
Sexuality, and gonads
and adrenal glands
Shaw, G.B.
Shell-shock
Skeletal types
Skin
adrenal type
and adrenals
hyperpituitary type
hyperthyroid type
pigmentation
subadrenal type
subpituitary type
subthyroid type
Slavery, Malthusian law of
origin of
Soul, chemistry of the
Starling
Statesman, problems of
why he fails
Stature, pituitary and
Status lymphaticus, and thymus type
Steinach
Stirner, Max
Subadrenal skin
Subpituitary skin
Subpituitary type of women
premenstrual molimina in
Subpituitism
Subthyroid face
skin
type
of eyes
of women, pregnancy in
Subthyroidism
Sugar metabolism
Super-Careerist
Susceptibility
Sympathetic system
Teeth
Tethelin
action of
function of
Thymic face
Thymo-centric personalities
Thymo-centric type
Oscar Wilde
Thymus
and gonads
and pituitary
and puberty
and sexual glands
and thyroid
effect of castration on
effect of feeding thymus to animals
extirpation of
function of
hair and
hyperactivity of
infancy, epoch of the
persistent, skin of
relation of fatigue to
relation of growth to
relation of weight to
removal of, effect on gonads
secretion
type of teeth
Thymus type
homosexuality and
moral irresponsibility and
status lymphaticus and
Thyroid gland
and adrenals
and baldness
and energy
and enthusiasm
and intersitial glands
and judgment
and memory
and pancreas
and pituitary
Thyroid gland and puberty
and rejuvenation
and skin
and thymus
antitoxic function of
as an accelerator
as a catalyser
as a differentiator
as an energiser
compared with pituitary
creator of land animals
deficiency
effect of feeding the gland
excess
functions of
hair and
instincts
personalities
secretion of, and see Thyroxin
type, of eyes
of hands
of muscles
of teeth
Thyroid-centered type
Thyrotoxin
Thyroxin
and energy mobilization
and energy production
and speed of living
Toes
pituitary and
thyroid and
Tonus
Types
endocrine
adrenal
adrenal-centered
alcoholism and
combinations of
cretinoid
criminals and
diseases and
drug addiction and
facial
hyperthyroid
mixed
narcotism and
of girls
pituitary,
pituitary-centered
pure
skeletal,
subthyroid
thyroid-centered
Unconscious, the
and the viscera
physical basis of
Undersecretion
Variation
endocrine glands as basis of
Varieties of internal secretions
Vegetative apparatus
Vegetative pressures
internal secretions
determinants of
Vegetative system
education of
Virilism
Viscera
the unconscious and
Vocational education
War neurosis
Weight relation of thymus to
White races
endocrine control in
Wilde, Oscar
explanation of
Wishes
endocrine charging of
physics of
Women
adrenal type of
masculinoid
secondary sex characteristics in