The Travels of Marco Polo Volume 1 - Marco Polo and Rustichello of Pisa

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XII. CONTEMPORARY RECOGNITION OF POLO AND HIS BOOK.

Sec. 75. How far was there diffusion of his Book in his own day?
76. Contemporary References to Polo. T. de Cepoy; Pipino; Jacopo
d'Acqui; Giov. Villani. 77. Pietro d'Abano; Jean le Long of Ypres.
78. Curious borrowings from Polo in the Romance of Bauduin de Sebourc.
78 _bis._ Chaucer and Marco Polo.

XIII. NATURE OF POLO'S INFLUENCE ON GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE

Sec. 79. Tardy operation, and causes thereof. 80. General characteristics
of Mediaeval Cosmography. 81. Roger Bacon as a Geographer. 82. Arab
Geography. 83. Marino Sanudo the Elder. 84. The Catalan Map of 1375, the
most complete mediaeval embodiment of Polo's Geography. 85. Fra Mauro's
Map. Confusions in Cartography of the 16th Century from the endeavour to
combine new and old information. 86. Gradual disappearance of Polo's
nomenclature. 87. Alleged introduction of Block-printed Books into
Europe by Marco Polo in connexion with the fiction of the invention of
Printing by Castaldi of Feltre. 88. Frequent opportunities for such
introduction in the Age following Polo's.

XIV. EXPLANATIONS REGARDING THE BASIS ADOPTED FOR THE PRESENT TRANSLATION

Sec. 89. Texts followed by Marsden and by Pauthier. 90. Eclectic Formation
of the English Text of this Translation. 91. Mode of rendering Proper
Names.

THE BOOK OF MARCO POLO.

PROLOGUE.

PRELIMINARY ADDRESS OF RUSTICIANO OF PISA

I.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS POLO SET FORTH FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TO TRAVERSE
THE WORLD

NOTES.--1. Chronology. 2. "The Great Sea." The Port of Soldaia.

II.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS WENT ON BEYOND SOLDAIA

NOTES.--1. Site and Ruins of Sarai. 2. City of Bolghar. 3. Alau Lord of
the Levant (i.e. _Hulaku_). 4. Ucaca on the Volga. 5. River Tigeri.

III.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS, AFTER CROSSING A DESERT, CAME TO THE CITY OF
BOCARA, AND FELL IN WITH CERTAIN ENVOYS THERE

NOTES.--1. "Bocara a City of Persia." 2. The Great Kaan's Envoys.

IV.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS TOOK THE ENVOYS' COUNSEL, AND WENT TO THE COURT
OF THE GREAT KAAN

V.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS ARRIVED AT THE COURT OF THE GREAT KAAN

VI.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN ASKED ALL ABOUT THE MANNERS OF THE CHRISTIANS, AND
PARTICULARLY ABOUT THE POPE OF ROME

NOTE.--Apostoille. The name _Tartar_.

VII.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN SENT THE TWO BROTHERS AS HIS ENVOYS TO THE POPE

NOTES.--1. The Great Kaan's Letter. 2. The Seven Arts. 3. Religious
Indifference of the Mongol Princes.

VIII.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN GAVE THEM A TABLET OF GOLD, BEARING HIS ORDERS
IN THEIR BEHALF

NOTES.--1. The Tablet. 2. The Port of Ayas.

IX.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS CAME TO THE CITY OF ACRE; AND THENCE TO VENICE

NOTES.--1. Names of the deceased Pope and of the Legate. 2. Negropont.
3. Mark's age.

X.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS AGAIN DEPARTED FROM VENICE, ON THEIR WAY BACK TO
THE GREAT KAAN, AND TOOK WITH THEM MARK, THE SON OF MESSER NICOLO

NOTE.--Oil from the Holy Sepulchre.

XI.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS SET OUT FROM ACRE, AND MARK ALONG WITH THEM

NOTE.--Pope Gregory X. and his Election.

XII.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS PRESENTED THEMSELVES BEFORE THE NEW POPE

NOTES.--1. William of Tripoli. 2. Powers conceded to Missionary Friars.
3. Bundukdar and his Invasion of Armenia; his character. 4. The Templars
in Cilician Armenia.

XIII.--HOW MESSER NICOLO AND MESSER MAFFEO POLO, ACCOMPANIED BY MARK,
TRAVELLED TO THE COURT OF THE GREAT KAAN

NOTE.--The City of Kemenfu, Summer Residence of Kublai.

XIV.--HOW MESSER NICOLO AND MESSER MAFFEO POLO AND MARCO PRESENTED
THEMSELVES BEFORE THE GREAT KAAN

NOTES.--1. Verbal. 2. "Vostre Homme."

XV.--HOW THE LORD SENT MARK ON AN EMBASSY OF HIS

NOTES.--1. The four Characters learned by Marco, what? 2. Ramusio's
addition. 3. Nature of Marco's employment.

XVI.--HOW MARK RETURNED FROM THE MISSION WHEREON HE HAD BEEN SENT

XVII.--HOW MESSER NICOLO, MESSER MAFFEO, AND MESSER MARCO, ASKED LEAVE OF
THE GREAT KAAN TO GO THEIR WAY

NOTES.--1. Risks to Foreigners on a change of Sovereign. 2. The Lady
Bolgana. 3. Passage from Ramusio.

XVIII.--HOW THE TWO BROTHERS AND MESSER MARCO TOOK LEAVE OF THE GREAT
KAAN, AND RETURNED TO THEIR OWN COUNTRY

NOTES.--1. Mongol Royal Messengers. 2. Mongol communication with the
King of England. 3. Mediaeval Ships of China. 4. Passage from China
to Sumatra. 5. Mortality among the party. 6. The Lady Cocachin in
Persian History. 7. Death of the Kaan. 8. The Princess of Manzi.

BOOK FIRST.

_Account of Regions Visited or heard of on the Journey from the Lesser
Armenia to the Court of the Great Kaan at Chandu._

I.--HERE THE BOOK BEGINS; AND FIRST IT SPEAKS OF THE LESSER HERMENIA

NOTES.--1. Little Armenia. 2. Meaning of _Chasteaux_. 3. Sickliness of
Cilician Coast. 4. The phrase "_fra terre_."

II.--CONCERNING THE PROVINCE OF TURCOMANIA

NOTES.--1. Brutality of the people. 2. Application of name _Turcomania_.
Turcoman Hordes.

III.--DESCRIPTION OF THE GREATER HERMENIA

NOTES.--1. Erzingan. _Buckrams_, what were they? 2. Erzrum. 3. Baiburt.
4. Ararat. 5. Oil wells of Baku.

IV.--OF GEORGIANIA AND THE KINGS THEREOF

NOTES.--1. Georgian Kings. 2. The Georgians. 3. The Iron Gates and Wall
of Alexander. 4. Box forests. 5. Goshawks. 6. Fish Miracle. 7. Sea of
Ghel or Ghelan. Names ending in _-an_. 8. Names of the Caspian, and
navigation thereon. 9. Fish in the Caspian.

V.--OF THE KINGDOM OF MAUSUL

NOTES.--1. Atabeks of Mosul. 2. Nestorian and Jacobite Christians.
3. Mosolins. 4. The Kurds. 5. Mush and Mardin.

VI.--OF THE GREAT CITY OF BAUDAS, AND HOW IT WAS TAKEN

NOTES.--1. Baudas, or Baghdad. 2. Island of Kish. 3. Basra.
4. Baldachins and other silk textures; Animal patterns. 5, 6. Hulaku's
Expedition. 7. The Death of the Khalif Mosta'sim. 8. Froissart.

VII.--HOW THE CALIF OF BAUDAS TOOK COUNSEL TO SLAY ALL THE CHRISTIANS IN
HIS LAND

NOTES.--1. Chronology. 2. "Ses _Regisles_ et ses _Casses_."

VIII.--HOW THE CHRISTIANS WERE IN GREAT DISMAY BECAUSE OF WHAT THE CALIF
HAD SAID

NOTE.--The word "_cralantur_."

IX.--HOW THE ONE-EYED COBLER WAS DESIRED TO PRAY FOR THE CHRISTIANS

X.--HOW THE PRAYER OF THE ONE-EYED COBLER CAUSED THE MOUNTAIN TO MOVE

NOTE.--The Mountain Miracle.

XI.--OF THE NOBLE CITY OF TAURIS

NOTES.--1. Tabriz. 2. Cremesor. 3. Traffic at Tabriz. 4. The _Torizi_.
5. Character of City and People.

XII.--OF THE MONASTERY OF SAINT BARSAMO ON THE BORDERS OF TAURIS

NOTE.--The Monastery of Barsauma.

XIII.--OF THE GREAT COUNTRY OF PERSIA; WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE THREE
KINGS

NOTES.--1. Kala' Atishparastan. 2. The Three Kings.

XIV.--HOW THE THREE KINGS RETURNED TO THEIR OWN COUNTRY

NOTES.--1. The three mystic Gifts. 2. The Worshipped Fire. 3. Savah and
Avah. The Legend in Mas'udi. Embellishments of the Story of the Magi.

XV.--OF THE EIGHT KINGDOMS OF PERSIA, AND HOW THEY ARE NAMED

NOTES.--1. The Eight Kingdoms. 2. Export of Horses, and Prices.
3. Persian Brigands. 4. Persian wine.

XVI.--CONCERNING THE GREAT CITY OF YASDI

NOTES.--1. Yezd. 2. Yezd to Kerman. The Woods spoken of.

XVII.--CONCERNING THE KINGDOM OF KERMAN

NOTES.--1. City and Province of Kerman. 2. Turquoises. 3. _Ondanique_ or
Indian Steel. 4. Manufactures of Kerman. 5. Falcons.

XVIII.--OF THE CITY OF CAMADI AND ITS RUINS; ALSO TOUCHING THE CARAUNA
ROBBERS

NOTES.--1. Products of the warmer plains. 2. Humped oxen and fat-tailed
sheep. 3. _Scarani_. 4. The Karaunahs and Nigudarian Bands.
5. Canosalmi.

XIX.--OF THE DESCENT TO THE CITY OF HORMOS

NOTES.--1. Site of Old Hormuz and Geography of the route from Kerman to
Hormuz. 2. Dates and Fish Diet. 3. Stitched Vessels. "_One rudder_," why
noticed as peculiar. 4. Great heat at Hormuz. 5. The Simum. 6. History
of Hormuz, and Polo's Ruomedan Acomat. 7. Second Route between Hormuz
and Kerman.

XX.--OF THE WEARISOME AND DESERT ROAD THAT HAS NOW TO BE TRAVELLED

NOTES.--1. Kerman to Kubenan. 2. Desert of Lut. 3. Subterraneous Canals.

XXI.--CONCERNING THE CITY OF COBINAN AND THE THINGS THAT ARE MADE THERE

NOTES.--1. Kuh-Banan. 2. Production of Tutia.

XXII.--OF A CERTAIN DESERT THAT CONTINUES FOR EIGHT DAYS' JOURNEY

NOTES.--1. Deserts of Khorasan. 2. The _Arbre Sol_ or _Arbre Sec_.

XXIII.--CONCERNING THE OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN

NOTE.--The Assassins, Hashishin, or Mulahidah.

XXIV.--HOW THE OLD MAN USED TO TRAIN HIS ASSASSINS

NOTES.--1. The story widely spread. Notable murders by the Sectaries.
2. Their different branches.

XXV.--HOW THE OLD MAN CAME BY HIS END

NOTE.--History of the apparent Destruction of the Sect by Hulaku; its
survival to the present time. Castles of Alamut and Girdkuh.

XXVI.--CONCERNING THE CITY OF SAPURGAN

NOTE.--Shibrgan, and the route followed. Dried Melons.

XXVII.--OF THE CITY OF BALC

NOTES.--1. Balkh. 2. Country meant by Dogana. 3. Lions in the Oxus
Valley.

XXVIII.--OF TAICAN, AND THE MOUNTAINS OF SALT. ALSO OF THE PROVINCE OF
CASEM

NOTES.--1. Talikan. 2. Mines of Rock-salt. 3. Ethnological
characteristics. 4. Kishm. 5. Porcupines. 6. Cave dwellings. 7. Old and
New Capitals of Badakhshan.

XXIX.--OF THE PROVINCE OF BADASHAN

NOTES.--1. Dialects of Badakhshan. Alexandrian lineage of the Princes.
2. Badakhshan and the Balas Ruby. 3. Azure Mines. 4. Horses of
Badakhshan. 5. Naked Barley. 6. Wild sheep. 7. Scenery of Badakhshan.
8. Repeated devastation of the Country from War. 9. Amplitude of
feminine garments.

XXX.--OF THE PROVINCE OF PASHAI

NOTE.--On the country intended by this name.

XXXI.--OF THE PROVINCE OF KESHIMUR

NOTES.--1. Kashmir language. 2. Kashmir Conjurers. (_See App. L. 2._)
3. Importance of Kashmir in History of Buddhism. 4. Character of the
People. 5. Vicissitudes of Buddhism in Kashmir. 6. Buddhist practice
as to slaughter of animals. 7. Coral.

XXXII.--OF THE GREAT RIVER OF BADASHAN; AND PLAIN OF PAMIER

NOTES.--1. The Upper Oxus and Wakhan. The title _Nono_, (_See App. L.
3._) 2. The Plateau of Pamir. (_See App. L. 4 and 5._) The Great Wild
Sheep. Fire at great altitudes. 3. Bolor.

XXXIII.--OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR

NOTE.--Kashgar.

XXXIV.--OF THE GREAT CITY OF SAMARCAN

NOTES.--1. Christians in Samarkand. 2. Chagatai's relation to Kublai
mis-stated. 3. The Miracle of the Stone.

XXXV.--OF THE PROVINCE OF YARCAN

NOTE.--Yarkand. Goitre prevalent there.

XXXVI.--OF A PROVINCE CALLED COTAN

NOTES.--1. Government. 2. "Adoration of Mahommet." 3. Khotan.

XXXVII.--OF THE PROVINCE OF PEIN

NOTES.--1. Position of Pein (App. L. 6.) 2. The Yu or Jade. 3. Temporary
marriages.

XXXVIII.--OF THE PROVINCE OF CHARCHAN

NOTE.--Position of Charchan and Lop.

XXXIX.--OF THE CITY OF LOP, AND THE GREAT DESERT

NOTES.--1. Geographical discrepancy. 2. Superstitions as to Deserts:
their wide diffusion. The Sound of Drums on certain sandy acclivities.
3. Sha-chau to Lob-nor.

XL.--CONCERNING THE GREAT PROVINCE OF TANGUT

NOTES.--1. Tangut. 2. Buddhism encountered here. 3. Kalmak superstition,
the "_Heaven's Ram_." 4. Chinese customs described here. 5. Mongol
disposal of the Dead. 6. Superstitious practice of avoiding to carry out
the dead by the house-door; its wide diffusion.

XLI.--OF THE PROVINCE OF CAMUL

NOTES.--1. Kamul. 2. Character of the people. 3. Shameless custom.
4. Parallel.

XLII.--OF THE PROVINCE OF CHINGINTALAS

NOTES.--1. The Country intended. 2. Ondanique. 3. Asbestos Mountain.
4. The four elements. 5 and 6. The Story of the Salamander. Asbestos
fabrics.

XLIII.--OF THE PROVINCE OF SUKCHUR

NOTES.--1. Explanatory. 2. The City of Suhchau. 3. Rhubarb country.
4. Poisonous pasture.

XLIV.--OF THE CITY OF CAMPICHU

NOTES.--1. The City of Kanchau. 2. Recumbent Buddhas. 3. Buddhist Days
of
Special Worship. 4. Matrimonial Customs. 5. Textual.

XLV.--OF THE CITY OF ETZINA

NOTES.--1. Position of Yetsina. 2. Textual. 3. The Wild Ass of Mongolia.

XLVI.--OF THE CITY OF CARACORON

NOTES.--1. Karakorum. 2. Tartar. 3. Chorcha. 4. Prester John.

XLVII.--OF CHINGHIS, AND HOW HE BECAME THE FIRST KAAN OF THE TARTARS

NOTES.--1. Chronology. 2. Relations between Chinghiz and Aung Khan, the
Prester John of Polo.

XLVIII.--HOW CHINGHIS MUSTERED HIS PEOPLE TO MARCH AGAINST PRESTER JOHN

XLIX.--HOW PRESTER JOHN MARCHED TO MEET CHINGHIS

NOTES.--1. Plain of Tanduc. 2. Divination by Twigs and Arrows.

L.--THE BATTLE BETWEEN CHINGHIS KAAN AND PRESTER JOHN. DEATH OF CHINGHIS

NOTE.--Real circumstances and date of the Death of Chinghiz.

LI.--OF THOSE WHO DID REIGN AFTER CHINGHIS KAAN, AND OF THE CUSTOMS OF THE
TARTARS

NOTES.--1. Origin of the _Cambuscan_ of Chaucer. 2. Historical Errors.
3. The Place of Sepulture of Chinghiz. 4. Barbarous Funeral
Superstition.

LII.--CONCERNING THE CUSTOMS OF THE TARTARS

NOTES.--1. Tartar Huts. 2. Tartar Waggons. 3. Pharaoh's Rat. 4. Chastity
of the Women. 5. Polygamy and Marriage Customs.

LIII.--CONCERNING THE GOD OF THE TARTARS

NOTES.--1. The old Tartar idols. 2. Kumiz.

LIV.--CONCERNING THE TARTAR CUSTOMS OF WAR

NOTES.--1. Tartar Arms. 2. The Decimal Division of their Troops.
3. Textual. 4. Blood-drinking. 5. _Kurut_, or Tartar Curd. 6. The Mongol
military rapidity and terrorism. 7. Corruption of their Nomade
simplicity.

LV.--CONCERNING THE ADMINISTERING OF JUSTICE AMONG THE TARTARS

NOTES.--1. The Cudgel. 2. Punishment of Theft. 3. Marriage of the Dead.
4. Textual.

LVI.--SUNDRY PARTICULARS ON THE PLAIN BEYOND CARACORON

NOTES.--1. Textual. 2. Bargu, the Mecrit, the Reindeer, and Chase of
Water-fowl. 3. The bird _Barguerlac_, the Syrrhaptes. 4. Gerfalcons.

LVII.--OF THE KINGDOM OF ERGUIUL, AND PROVINCE OF SINJU

NOTES.--1. Erguiul. 2. Siningfu. 3. The Yak. 4. The Musk Deer.
5. Reeves's Pheasant.

LVIII.--OF THE KINGDOM OF EGRIGAIA

NOTES.--1. Egrigaia. 2. Calachan 3. White Camels, and Camlets:
Siclatoun.

LIX.--CONCERNING THE PROVINCE OF TENDUC, AND THE DESCENDANTS OF PRESTER
JOHN

NOTES.--1. The name and place Tenduc. King George. 2. Standing Marriage
Compact. The title _Gurgan_. 3. Azure. 4. The terms _Argon_ and
_Guasmul_. The _Dungens_. 5. The Rampart of Gog and Magog. 6. Tartary
cloths. 7. Siuen-hwa fu.

LX.--CONCERNING THE KAAN'S PALACE OF CHAGANNOR.

NOTES.--1. Palace. 2. The word _Sesnes_. 3. Chagan-nor. 4. The five
species of Crane described by Polo. 5. The word _Cator_.

LXI.--OF THE CITY OF CHANDU, AND THE KAAN'S PALACE THERE

NOTES.--1. Two Roads. 2. Chandu, properly Shangtu. 3. Leopards. 4. The
Bamboo Palace. Uses of the Bamboo. 5. Kublai's Annual Migration to
Shangtu. 6. The White Horses. The Oirad Tribe. 7. The Mare's Milk
Festival. 8. Weather Conjuring. 9. Ascription of Cannibalism to
Tibetans, etc. 10. The term _Bacsi_. 11. Magical Feats ascribed to the
Lamas. 12. Lamas. 13. Vast extent of Lama Convents. 14. Married Lamas.
15. Bran. 16. Patarins. 17. The Ascetics called _Sensin_. 18. Textual.
19. Tao-sze Idols.

BOOK SECOND.

PART I.

I.--OF CUBLAY KAAN, THE GREAT KAAN NOW REIGNING, AND OF HIS GREAT
PUISSANCE

NOTE.--Eulogies of Kublai.

II.--CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN
CUBLAY

NOTES.--1. Chronology. 2. Kublai's Age. 3. His Wars. 4. Nayan and his
true relationship to Kublai.

III.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN MARCHED AGAINST NAYAN

NOTE.--Addition from Ramusio.

IV.--OF THE BATTLE THAT THE GREAT KAAN FOUGHT WITH NAYAN

NOTES.--1. The word _Bretesche_. 2. Explanatory. 3. The Nakkara.
4. Parallel Passages. 5. Verbal. 6. The Story of Nayan. (_See App. L.
7._)

V.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSED NAYAN TO BE PUT TO DEATH

NOTES.--1. The Shedding of Royal blood avoided. 2. Chorcha, Kaoli,
Barskul, Sikintinju. 3. Jews in China.

VI.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN WENT BACK TO THE CITY OF CAMBALUC

NOTE.--Passage from Ramusio respecting the Kaan's views of Religion.
Remarks.

VII.--HOW THE KAAN REWARDED THE VALOUR OF HIS CAPTAINS

NOTES.--1. Parallel from Sanang Setzen. 2. The Golden Honorary Tablets
or _Paizah_ of the Mongols. 3. Umbrellas. 4. The Gerfalcon Tablets.

VIII.--CONCERNING THE PERSON OF THE GREAT KAAN

NOTES.--1. Colour of his Eyes. 2. His Wives. 3. The Kungurat Tribe.
Competitive Examination in Beauty.

IX.--CONCERNING THE GREAT KAAN'S SONS

NOTES.--1. Kublai's intended Heir. 2. His other Sons.

X.--CONCERNING THE PALACE OF THE GREAT KAAN

NOTES.--1. Palace Wall. 2. The word _Tarcasci_ 3. Towers. 4. Arsenals of
the Palace. 5. The Gates. 6. Various Readings. 7. Barracks. 8. Wide
diffusion of the kind of Palace here described. 9. Parallel description.
10. "Divine" Park. 11. Modern account of the Lake, etc. 12. "_Roze de
l'acur_." 13. The Green Mount. 14. Textual. 15. Bridge.

XI.--CONCERNING THE CITY OF CAMBALUC

NOTES.--1. Chronology, etc., of Peking. 2. The City Wall. 3. Changes in
the Extent of the City. 4. Its ground plan. 5. Aspect. 6. Public Towers.
7. Addition from Ramusio.

XII.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN MAINTAINS A GUARD OF TWELVE THOUSAND HORSE, WHICH
ARE CALLED KESHICAN

NOTE.--The term _Quescican_.

XIII.--THE FASHION OF THE GREAT KAAN'S TABLE AT HIS HIGH FEASTS

NOTES.--1. Order of the Tables. 2. The word _Vernique_. 3. The Buffet of
Liquors. 4. The superstition of the Threshold. 5. Chinese Etiquettes.
6. Jugglers at the Banquet.

XIV.--CONCERNING THE GREAT FEAST HELD BY THE GRAND KAAN EVERY YEAR ON HIS
BIRTHDAY

NOTES.--1. The Chinese Year. 2. "Beaten Gold." 3. Textual. Festal
changes of costume. 4. Festivals.

XV.--OF THE GREAT FESTIVAL WHICH THE KAAN HOLDS ON NEW YEAR'S DAY

NOTES.--1. The White Month. 2. Mystic value of the number 9. 3.
Elephants at Peking. 4. Adoration of Tablets. K'o-tow.

XVI.--CONCERNING THE TWELVE THOUSAND BARONS WHO RECEIVE ROBES OF CLOTH OF
GOLD FROM THE EMPEROR ON THE GREAT FESTIVALS, THIRTEEN CHANGES A-PIECE

NOTES.--1. Textual. 2. The words _Camut_ and _Borgal_. 3. Tame Lions.

XVII.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN ENJOINETH HIS PEOPLE TO SUPPLY HIM WITH GAME

NOTE.--Parallel Passage.

XVIII.--OF THE LIONS AND LEOPARDS AND WOLVES THAT THE KAAN KEEPS FOR THE
CHASE

NOTES.--1. The Cheeta or Hunting Leopard. 2. Lynxes. 3. The Tiger,
termed _Lion_ by Polo. 4. The Burgut Eagle.

XIX.--CONCERNING THE TWO BROTHERS WHO HAVE CHARGE OF THE KAAN'S HOUNDS

NOTE.--The Masters of the Hounds, and their title.

XX.--HOW THE EMPEROR GOES ON A HUNTING EXPEDITION

NOTES.--1. Direction of the Tour. 2. Hawking Establishments. 3. The word
_Toskaul_. 4. The word _Bularguchi_. 5. Kublai's Litter. 6. Kachar
Modun. 7. The Kaan's Great Tents. 8. The Sable and Ermine. 9. Petis de
la Croix.

XXI.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN, ON RETURNING FROM HIS HUNTING EXPEDITION, HOLDS
A GREAT COURT AND ENTERTAINMENT

NOTE.--This chapter peculiar to the 2nd Type of MSS.

XXII.--CONCERNING THE CITY OF CAMBALUC, AND ITS GREAT TRAFFIC AND
POPULATION

NOTES.--1. Suburbs of Peking. 2. The word _Fondaco_.

XXIII.--[CONCERNING THE OPPRESSIONS OF ACHMATH THE BAILO, AND THE PLOT
THAT WAS FORMED AGAINST HIM]

NOTES.--1. Chapter peculiar to Ramusio. 2. Kublai's Administration. The
Rise of Ahmad. 3. The term _Bailo_. 4. The Conspiracy against Ahmad as
related by Gaubil from the Chinese. 5. Marco's presence and upright
conduct commemorated in the Chinese Annals. The Kaan's prejudice against
Mahomedans.

XXIV.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSETH THE BARK OF TREES, MADE INTO SOMETHING
LIKE PAPER, TO PASS FOR MONEY OVER ALL HIS COUNTRY

NOTE.--Chinese Paper Currency.

XXV.--CONCERNING THE TWELVE BARONS WHO ARE SET OVER ALL THE AFFAIRS OF THE
GREAT KAAN

NOTE.--The Ministers of the Mongol Dynasty. The term _Sing_.

XXVI.--HOW THE KAAN'S POSTS AND RUNNERS ARE SPED THROUGH MANY LANDS AND
PROVINCES

NOTES.--1. Textual. 2. The word _Yam_. 3. Government Hostelries.
4. Digression from Ramusio. 5. Posts Extraordinary. 6. Discipline of the
Posts. 7. Antiquity of Posts in China, etc.

XXVII.--HOW THE EMPEROR BESTOWS HELP ON HIS PEOPLE, WHEN THEY ARE
AFFLICTED WITH DEARTH OR MURRAIN

NOTE.--Kublai's remissions, and justice.

XXVIII.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSES TREES TO BE PLANTED BY THE HIGHWAYS

NOTE.--Kublai's Avenues.

XXIX.--CONCERNING THE RICE-WINE DRUNK BY THE PEOPLE OF CATHAY

NOTE.--Rice-wine.

XXX.--CONCERNING THE BLACK STONES THAT ARE DUG IN CATHAY, AND ARE BURNT
FOR FUEL

NOTE.--Distribution and Consumption of Coal in China.

XXXI.--HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSES STORES OF CORN TO BE MADE, TO HELP HIS
PEOPLE WITHAL IN TIME OF DEARTH

NOTE.--The Chinese Public Granaries.

XXXII.--OF THE CHARITY OF THE EMPEROR TO THE POOR.

NOTE.--Buddhist influence, and Chinese Charities.

XXXIII.--[CONCERNING THE ASTROLOGERS IN THE CITY OF CAMBALUC]

NOTES.--1. The word _Tacuin_.--The Chinese Almanacs. The Observatory.
2. The Chinese and Mongol Cycle.

XXXIV.--[CONCERNING THE RELIGION OF THE CATHAYANS; THEIR VIEWS AS TO THE
SOUL; AND THEIR CUSTOMS]

NOTES.--1. Textual. 2. Do. 3. Exceptions to the general charge of
Irreligion brought against the Chinese. 4. Politeness. 5. Filial Piety.
6. Pocket Spitoons.

EXPLANATORY LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOLUME I.

INSERTED PLATES AND MAPS.

Portrait of Sir HENRY YULE. From the Painting by Mr. T. B. Wirgman, in the
Royal Engineers' Mess House at Chatham.

Illuminated Title, with Medallion representing the POLOS ARRIVING AT
VENICE after 26 years' absence, and being refused admittance to the Family
Mansion; as related by Ramusio, p. 4 of Introductory Essay. Drawn by
Signor QUINTO CENNI, No. 7 Via Solferino, Milan; from a Design by the
Editor.

DOORWAY of the HOUSE of MARCO POLO in the Corte Sabbionera at Venice.
Woodcut from a drawing by Signor L. ROSSO, Venice.

_Corte del Milione_, Venice.

_Malibran Theatre_, Venice.

Entrance to the Corte del Milione, Venice. From photographs taken for the
present editor, by Signor NAYA.

Figures from St. Sabba's, sent to Venice. From a photograph of Signor
NAYA.

Church of SAN MATTEO, at Genoa.

_Palazzo di S. Giorgio_, at Genoa.

_Miracle of S. Lorenzo_. From the Painting by V. CARPACCIO.

Facsimile of the WILL of MARCO POLO, preserved in St. Mark's Library.
Lithographed from a photograph specially taken by Bertani at Venice.

Pavement in front of S. Lorenzo.

Mosaic Portrait of Marco Polo, at Genoa.

The Pseudo Marco Polo at Canton.

Porcelain Incense-Burner, from the Louvre.

Temple of 500 Genii, at Canton, after a drawing by FELIX REGAMEY.

Probable view of MARCO POLO'S OWN GEOGRAPHY: a Map of the World, formed as
far as possible from the Traveller's own data. Drawn by the Editor.

Part of the _Catalan Map_ of 1375.

Marco Polo's Itineraries, No. 1. WESTERN ASIA. This includes also "Sketch
showing the chief Monarchies of Asia, in the latter part of the 13th
century."

Map illustrating the geographical position of the CITY of SARAI. Plan of
part of the remains of the same city. Reduced from a Russian plan
published by _M. Grigorieff_.

Reduced FACSIMILE of the BUDDHIST INSCRIPTION of the Mongol Era, on the
Archway at KIU-YONG KWAN in the Pass of Nan-k'au, north-west of Peking,
showing the characters in use under the Mongol Dynasty. Photogravure from
the _Recueil des documents de l'Epoque Mongole_, by H.H. Prince ROLAND
BONAPARTE. _See an Article by_ Mr. Wylie _in the J. R. A. S. for 1870, p.
14._

Plan of AYAS, the Laias of Polo. _From an Admiralty Chart_. Plan of
position of DILAWAR, the supposed site of the Dilavar of Polo. _Ext.
from a Survey by Lt.-Col. D. G. Robinson, R.E._

Marco Polo's Itineraries, No. II. Routes between KERMAN and HORMUZ.

Marco Polo's Itineraries, No. III. Regions on and near the UPPER OXUS.

Heading, in the old Chinese seal-character, of an INSCRIPTION on a
Memorial raised by Kublai Kaan to a Buddhist Ecclesiastic, in the vicinity
of his summer-palace at SHANGTU in Mongolia. Reduced from a facsimile
obtained on the spot by _Dr. S. W. Bushell_, 1872, and by him lent to the
Editor.

The CHO-KHANG. The grand Temple of Buddha at _Lhasa_, from _The Journey to
Lhasa_, by SARAT CHANDRA DAS, by kind permission of the Royal Geographical
Society.

"_Table d'Or de Commandement_;" the PAIZA of the MONGOLS, from a specimen
found in Siberia. _Reduced to one-half the scale of the original, from an
engraving in a paper by_ I. J. Schmidt _in the_ Bulletin de la Classe
Historico-Philologique de l'Acad. Imp. des Sciences, St. Petersbourg, tom.
iv. No. 9.

Second Example of a Mongol Paiza with superscription in the Uighur
character, found near the Dnieper River, 1845. From _Trans. of the
Oriental Section, Imp. Soc. of Archaeology_ of St. Petersburg, vol. v. The
Inscription on this runs: "_By the strength of Eternal Heaven, and thanks
to Its Great Power, the Man who obeys not the order of Abdullah shall be
guilty, shall die._"

Plan of PEKING as it is, and as it was about A.D. 1290.

BANK-NOTE of the MING Dynasty, on one-half the scale of the original.
Reduced from a genuine note in the possession of the British Museum. Was
brought back from Peking after the siege of the Legations in 1900.

Mongol "Compendium Instrument."